Many people unknowingly grind or clench their teeth during the night, a behaviour known as sleep bruxism. Over time, this can lead to tooth wear, jaw pain, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Fortunately, there are practical ways to treat bruxism and support the health of your natural teeth. In this article, we explore how a bruxism splint works, the different types available, and its role in managing jaw muscle tension and tooth damage.
We will also cover symptoms, treatment options, and practical guidance on proper use, helping you make informed decisions to protect your bite, jaw joint, and overall oral health.
What is a Bruxism Splint?
A bruxism splint is a dental appliance designed to manage teeth grinding and clenching, particularly during sleep.
Also referred to as occlusal splints or night guards, these devices are custom-made to fit the upper teeth or lower jaw, depending on your dentist’s assessment. The splint acts as a protective layer, reducing tooth wear, safeguarding tooth enamel, and alleviating pressure on the jaw muscles.
Understanding Bruxism
Bruxism is a medical condition characterised by involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth. It can occur during sleep (often called sleep bruxism) or while awake, particularly in stressful situations.
Many individuals may not notice their own behaviour, but associated symptoms such as jaw, headache, and facial pain can indicate ongoing grinding.
Symptoms of Bruxism
Recognising symptoms is the first step in treating sleep bruxism. Common signs include:
- Excessive wear on natural teeth or damaged teeth
- Jaw pain or soreness in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
- Muscle tension in the temporal and jaw muscles
- Headaches or neck discomfort upon waking
- Sensitivity in the tooth structure or the tooth enamel
Understanding these signals allows both patients and dentists to discuss treatment options that align with individual needs.
Causes of Teeth Grinding
The causes of teeth grinding can be multifactorial. Stress and anxiety often contribute to clenching and grinding, while sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea may exacerbate the condition.
Additionally, improper anterior guidance or bite alignment can influence muscle activity, particularly in the jaw joint. Genetics and lifestyle factors, including caffeine or alcohol intake, can also play a role.
How a Bruxism Splint Works
A bruxism splint functions by providing a protective barrier between the upper teeth and lower jaw. By doing so, it reduces the impact of clenching and grinding, easing pressure on the temporomandibular joint and jaw muscles.
Properly designed occlusal splints help redistribute forces across the bite, potentially alleviating facial pain and headaches.
Types of Bruxism Splints
Dentists consider several types of bruxism splints depending on the severity of grinding or clenching, bite alignment, and any associated sleep disorders.
Traditional Bruxism Splints
These appliances are primarily designed to protect natural teeth and relieve jaw muscle strain:
- Upper Teeth Splints: Fit over the upper jaw to provide coverage during night grinding, reducing tooth wear and muscle tension.
- Lower Jaw Splints: Custom-fitted for the lower jaw to support bite alignment and relieve pressure on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Mandibular Advancement Splints (MAS)
MAS are a modern type of oral appliance, often considered when sleep bruxism is linked to obstructive sleep apnoea or chronic snoring:
- They work by gently advancing the lower jaw to maintain an open airway during sleep.
- MAS can also reduce teeth grinding triggered by sleep arousals.
- These appliances are custom-made in a dental lab using 3D-printed materials and CAD/CAM technology.
- They are adjustable to provide effective support for jaw muscles and maintain proper bite alignment.
By separating traditional splints from MAS, it is clear that MAS serves a functional role beyond tooth protection, addressing airway management while also mitigating grinding episodes.
A dentist selects the appropriate splint based on individual needs to protect natural teeth, reduce jaw pain, and support overall oral health.
The Role of a Dental Lab
Custom bruxism splints are usually fabricated in a dental lab. Dentists take impressions of your teeth to ensure an accurate fit, which is essential for proper use and effectiveness.
The bite is carefully assessed to maintain occlusal balance, helping to prevent tooth damage and excessive wear over time.
Jaw Pain and Muscle Relief
A well-fitted bruxism splint can relieve jaw pain by distributing forces evenly across the temporomandibular joint.
The temporal muscles and jaw muscles experience less strain, which may also reduce facial pain, headaches, and neck tension. Regular use as instructed by a dentist is key to achieving optimal outcomes.
Protecting Tooth Structure
Teeth damage caused by grinding or clenching can affect both tooth enamel and tooth structure. Over time, excessive wear may alter the bite and require restorative treatments.
Using a bruxism splint allows the natural teeth to remain protected while reducing the risk of severe cases of occlusal wear.
Occlusal Splint Therapy and Monitoring
Occlusal splint therapy is an ongoing process. Dentists often monitor bite changes, jaw alignment, and muscle activity to adjust the splint as needed. Regular follow-ups ensure the appliance continues to fit properly and provides consistent protection against clenching and grinding.
Sleep Apnoea Considerations
In some patients, sleep apnoea can contribute to sleep bruxism. A bruxism splint may help reduce sleep arousals, although it is not a primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea.
Dentists often work alongside medical professionals to assess sleep patterns and, if required, consider additional treatment options.
Lifestyle and Home Strategies
Alongside splint use, patients can adopt strategies to support jaw relaxation:
- Gentle jaw stretches and relaxation exercises
- Avoiding hard foods late at night
- Maintaining a consistent sleep routine
- Reducing stimulants like caffeine in the evening
These measures complement occlusal splint therapy, enhancing overall comfort and supporting muscle health.
Proper Use and Maintenance
For splints to be effective, proper use is essential. Patients should:
- Wear the night guard as directed by their dentist
- Clean the appliance daily using mild soap or non-abrasive cleaners
- Store it in a protective case
- Schedule regular dental check-ups to adjust for bite changes
Following these steps ensures that teeth, gums, and jaw joints remain supported while preventing appliance damage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a bruxism splint stop teeth grinding completely?
A bruxism splint primarily protects teeth and reduces pressure on the jaw muscles. It may not stop grinding entirely, but it supports muscle relaxation and tooth protection.
Will it affect my bite?
A well-fitted occlusal splint is designed to maintain occlusal balance. Dentists monitor changes and adjust the appliance if needed to avoid bite issues.
Can children use bruxism splints?
Yes, children can use custom splints, but the dentist considers sizing and bite development to ensure comfort.
Conclusion
A bruxism splint is a practical and effective tool in managing teeth grinding and jaw discomfort. By combining custom-fitted appliances with supportive lifestyle strategies, many patients can protect their natural teeth, reduce jaw pain, and support overall oral health.
Regular dental consultations ensure that occlusal splint therapy remains effective, helping you maintain healthy teeth, gums, and jaw function over time.
If you’re concerned about teeth grinding, jaw pain, or sleep-related discomfort, a custom bruxism splint could help safeguard your natural teeth and support jaw muscle health.
Our friendly dental team will discuss your individual needs and explore occlusal splint therapy tailored to you. Together, we can create a plan that promotes comfort, protection, and long-term oral health.
Contact Melbourne Dental Sleep Clinic at:
Caulfield North : (03) 9068 5355
Footscray: (03) 9068 5357
Niddrie: (03) 9068 5316
References
Healthdirect Australia. (2023, October). Teeth Grinding (Bruxism). Healthdirect. Retrieved November 21, 2025, from https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/teeth-grinding
Marcin, A. (2024, December 16). What Types of Sleep Apnea Devices Are Available? Healthline. Retrieved November 21, 2025, from https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-apnea-devices
Sleep Apnea Symptoms. (2025, January 14). WebMD. Retrieved November 21, 2025, from https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/symptoms-of-sleep-apnea
